Authors

Hideki Hirakawa†, Katsuhiko Sumitomo†, Tamotsu Hisamatsu, Soichiro Nagano, Kenta Shirasawa, Yohei Higuchi, Makoto Kusaba, Masaji Koshioka, Yoshihiro Nakano, Masafumi Yagi, Hiroyasu Yamaguchi, Kenji Taniguchi, Michiharu Nakano and Sachiko N Isobe*.(†These authors contributed equally to this work, *corresponding author)

Abstract

Cultivated chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is one of the most economically important ornamental crops grown worldwide. It has a complex hexaploid genome (2n = 6x = 54) and large genome size. The diploid Chrysanthemum seticuspe is often used as a model of cultivated chrysanthemum, since the two species are closely related. To expand our knowledge of the cultivated chrysanthemum, we here performed de novo whole-genome assembly in C. seticuspe using the Illumina sequencing platform. XMRS10, a C. seticuspe accession developed by five generations of self-crossing from a self-compatible strain, AEV2, was used for genome sequencing. The 2.72 Gb of assembled sequences (CSE_r1.0), consisting of 354,212 scaffolds, covered 89.0% of the 3.06 Gb C. seticuspe genome estimated by k-mer analysis. The N50 length of scaffolds was 44,741 bp. For protein-encoding genes, 71,057 annotated genes were deduced (CSE_r1.1_cds). Next, based on the assembled genome sequences, we performed linkage map construction, gene discovery and comparative analyses for C. seticuspe and cultivated chrysanthemum. The generated C. seticuspe linkage map revealed skewed regions in segregation on the AEV2 genome. In gene discovery analysis, candidate flowering-related genes were newly found in CSE_r1.1_cds. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphism identification and annotation on the C. × morifolium genome showed that the C. seticuspe genome was applicable to genetic analysis in cultivated chrysanthemums. The genome sequences assembled herein are expected to contribute to future chrysanthemum studies. In addition, our approach demonstrated the usefulness of short-read genome assembly and the importance of choosing an appropriate next genome sequencing technology based on the purpose of the post-genome analysis.

Paper Information

Journal
: DNA Research
DOI
: 10.1093/dnares/dsy048
: https://academic.oup.com/dnaresearch/advance-article/doi/10.1093/dnares/dsy048/5303208